白皮书称中国气象灾害预警发布时效缩至5—8分钟
? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ?? (??) ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??(身悅)? ???? ?? ?? ??/?#?? ??? ??????. | |
|---|---|
| ?? ?? | Fever, Pyrexia, febrile response |
 | |
| 38.7 °C / 101.7 °F ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? | |
| ??? | ???, ?????? |
| ?? | ??: ??, ??? ??[1] ??: ???, ???[2] |
| ??? | ?? ??[3] |
| ?? | ?? ?? ??? ??[4][5] |
| ?? ?? | ?? > 37.5 ~ 38.3 °C (99.5 ~ 100.9 °F) ??[6][7] |
| ?? ?? | ???[6] |
| ?? | ?? ??? ??. ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??.[1][8] |
| ?? | ?????, ???????[8][9] |
| ?? | ???[1][10] |
| ?? ?? | ||||||||||||
|
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| ??: ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ???? ??, ???, ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???. | ||||||||||||
??(發熱, fever)? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? 36.5~37.5 °C ???? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??(身熱), ??(壯熱)???? ??, ?? ??? ?????(pyrexia)?? ???? ??.
??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??.
??? ??? ? ?? ????? ????.
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[??]??? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?????.[?? ??]
????(pyrogen)? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? A2 (PLA2), ???????-2 (COX-2), ???????E2 ???? (PGE2 synthase)? ???? ????. ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? E2? ????. ????, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? E2? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? E2? ? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? EP3?? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?? (?? ??)? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??.
?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??, ?? ? ?????, ???? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?·?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????. ? 2?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???.
????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????. ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????1(en:Interleukin 1 family)? ????6? ?? ?????? ? ? ??.
?? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.
??
[??]????? ?? ??? 36.5 °C ??? ?? ??. ????? ??? 37.5 °C ??? ?? ????. ?? ???? 37.5 °C??? 《??》, 37.5 °C ~ 38.5 °C? ?? 《??》??? ??, 38.5 °C ??? 《??》??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ??.
??
[??]- ??? ??(continuous fever)
- ??? ??(remittent fever)
- ???(periodic fever)
??
[??]??? ??, ??, ??, ??, ????, ??, ?? ?? ????, ???? ????.
- ?? ?? ??? ??(???, ???, ???, ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??)
- ?? ??? ??(??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??)
- ?? ??? ??(??? ?? ??, ???, ??? ?)
- ?? ??? ?? ??(??? ???? ???, ??? ?? ??? ????). ??? ?? ?? ??.
- ??? ??(??, ????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???, ??, ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??.)
- ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??
- ??(? ??, ??? ?, ??, ?? ??, ???? ?)
- ?? ??(???, ??? ?? ?)
- ?? ??(?? ??, ??? ?)
- ???(????? ?)
- ?? ?? ??? ??(?? ?)
??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? (4)??, ????? ?? ?? ?? 1)? ??? ????.
?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??, ???, ????, ?? ???. ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.
??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? 41?? ???? ??? ?? ??.
?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??. ?? 6??~5? ???? ??? ?? ?? 2~5%?? ????? ??? ? ???, ???? ?? ??? ??, ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??.
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[??]- ↑ ? ? ? Sullivan JE, Farrar HC (March 2011). “Fever and antipyretic use in children”. 《Pediatrics》 127 (3): 580–7. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3852. PMID 21357332.
- ↑ Sue E. Huether (2014). 《Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children》 7?. Elsevier Health Sciences. 498?. ISBN 9780323293754.
- ↑ “Taking Care of Someone Who is Sick”. 2010? 8? 13?. 2015? 3? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 5? 8?? ???.
- ↑ Kluger MJ (2015). 《Fever: Its Biology, Evolution, and Function》. Princeton University Press. 57?. ISBN 9781400869831.
- ↑ Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, ??. (2012). 〈Fever in adults〉. 《An introduction to clinical emergency medicine》 2?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 375?. ISBN 978-0521747769.
- ↑ ? ? ? ? Axelrod, Yekaterina K.; Diringer, Michael N. (May 2008). “Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders”. 《Neurologic Clinics》 26 (2): 585–603, xi. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID 18514828.
- ↑ ? ? ? Laupland, Kevin B. (July 2009). “Fever in the critically ill medical patient”. 《Critical Care Medicine》 37 (7 Suppl): S273–8. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117. PMID 19535958.
- ↑ ? ? Richardson M, Purssell E (September 2015). “Who's afraid of fever?”. 《Archives of Disease in Childhood》 100 (9): 818–20. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307483. PMID 25977564.
- ↑ Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, ??. (2012). 《An introduction to clinical emergency medicine》 2?. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 401?. ISBN 9780521747769.
- ↑ Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). “Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review”. 《Australian Critical Care》 26 (3): 130–5. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004. PMID 23199670.
- ↑ Marx, John (2006). 《Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice》. Mosby/Elsevier. 2239?. ISBN 978-0-323-02845-5.
- ↑ Hutchison, James S.; ?. (June 2008). “Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children”. 《New England Journal of Medicine》 358 (23): 2447–2456. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706930. PMID 18525042.
- ↑ Pryor, Jennifer A.; Prasad, Ammani S. (2008). 《Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics》 (??). Elsevier Health Sciences. 8?. ISBN 0702039748.
- ↑ Grunau, Brian E.; Wiens, Matthew O.; Brubacher, Jeffrey R. (September 2010). “Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review”. 《Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine》 12 (5): 435–442. doi:10.1017/s1481803500012598. PMID 20880437.
Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia
- ↑ Sharma, Hari Shanker, ??. (2007). 《Neurobiology of Hyperthermia》 1?. Elsevier. 175–177, 485?. ISBN 9780080549996. 2016? 11? 19?? ???.
Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this syndrome.
